Graphic design by Minuteman Press Pretoria

Graphic design and the movement towards graphic design have been around since the dawn of man. Graphic design started when the first cave man drew on a rock. Graphic design has a lengthy history and has experienced a huge explosion since the advent of the computer which has made graphic design accessible to everyone. Graphic design is known as visual communication. In the 20th and 21st centuries with graphic design, there was often a blurring distinction between advertising art and graphic design. In graphic design, “the essence is to give order to information”. The Book of Kells is a very good early example of graphic design.

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William Morris’ most significant contribution to graphic design was publishing books on Arts & Crafts. He proved that there was a market for works of graphic design in its own right. These books are the most significant contribution to graphic design in the twentieth century. These graphic design works directly influenced twentieth century graphic design in general.
Modern graphic design
Modern examples of graphic design are everywhere e.g. on the tail fins of airplanes, signage, advertising, logos. Graphic design is applied by virtually every organization or society in the world. There are virtually no limits to the size and applications of graphic design. The ads on the walls in the London Underground are classic examples of graphic design.

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The Soviets designed buildings, theatre sets, posters, fabrics, clothing, furniture, logos, menus, etc. to suit the communist regime and a pure form of graphic design was born in the 1920’s.
Herbert Bayer and Lazlo Moholy-Nagy are the fathers of graphic design. Graphic design in its modern style gained widespread acceptance and application in post-World War II American economy when a greater need for graphic design, mainly advertising and packaging was born. Well-known names in mid-century modern graphic design are Adrian Frutiger and Paul Rand. They applied the principles of Bauhaus to popular advertising and logo graphic design, thereby becoming the principal pioneers of the subset of graphic design known as corporate identity. Graphic design was used the design logos, letterheads for big business all over America.
 
Uses of graphic design

Graphic design is used whenever visual creativity is applied to text and or imagery. Contemporary graphic design has been extended to the modern computer, e.g. often referred to not as graphic design but rather multimedia design. A potential for graphic design occurs and can be enhanced through graphic design anywhere one needs to communicate visually.
Graphic design is used in road signs, technical drawings, office memorandums, manuals etc. Words are more legible when visibility is improved and this is done through graphic design
Advertising uses graphic design to great advantage. The ability to sell a product or an idea is the most effective means of graphic design. Graphic design is applied to all products by a company such as their logo, their colours or text. Through graphic design, companies are recognised world-wide. Integrating all elements of a company with successful graphic design is called branding.
Graphic design is often used in school textbooks to illustrate theories and diagrams. A good example of graphic design in education is diagrams of human anatomy. Graphic design is also applied to layout and the formatting.

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Graphic design is applied in decoration, scenery, visual story telling etc. The covers of novels and comic books are good examples of graphic design. Graphic design helps set the mood in movies as well as props on stage.
Graphic design is used in journals or news reporting. Facts are often presented or improved through graphic design. Newspapers, magazines, etc. use graphic design to inform and entertain. With the internet, designers experienced in graphic design are increasingly finding work.
The best websites use graphic design. Graphic design is most often used by web developers to create both a look and a feel for a website that enhances it and makes it recognisable.

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Companies often look for someone who can do both graphic design as well as web design. This is often not possible as graphic design, web design and programming is not the same thing.
A primary tool for graphic design is the utilization of a creative mind. Graphic design is the ability to augment traditional tools with digital image editing.  The selection of the appropriate image or font to communicate is a key skill in graphic design work. Desktop publishing and the arrival of graphic design art software introduced a new generation of designers. Computer graphic design has enabled designers to instantly see the effects of layout or typographic changes. Traditional tools such as pencils are still used to develop graphic design ideas but computers are used for the end result.

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Computers are regarded as indispensable tools in the graphic design industry. There is some debate whether the creative process of graphic design is enhanced by computers. New ideas in graphic design on computers come by experimenting. One of the key features of graphic design is that it uses image selection in order to convey meaning. Some graphic design ideas are created entirely in the mind. Graphic design uses sketches to explore multiple or complex ideas quickly. Hand drawn ideas are used to gain approval of a graphic design or idea before producing a finished result. A traditional graphic designer may employ a production artist with computer skills to render a graphic design on a computer.  However, this practice is not often utilized anymore since the advent of desktop publishing and its integration with most graphic design courses.
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